SFGs are most commonly used to represent signal flow in a physical system and its controller(s), forming a cyber-physical system. This mathematical theory of digraphs exists, of course, quite apart from its applications. Thus, signal-flow graph theory builds on that of directed graphs (also called digraphs), which includes as well that of oriented graphs. For other flow graphs, see Flow graph (mathematics).Ī signal-flow graph or signal-flowgraph ( SFG), invented by Claude Shannon, but often called a Mason graph after Samuel Jefferson Mason who coined the term, is a specialized flow graph, a directed graph in which nodes represent system variables, and branches (edges, arcs, or arrows) represent functional connections between pairs of nodes.
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